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Cataracts in Dogs: Signs, Symptoms & Treatment

Published on April 16 by Julia

Cataracts are a common eye condition in dogs that can significantly affect their vision. While it can be alarming to see your dog’s eyes change, cataracts are often manageable with the right treatment. Understanding the signs and causes can help you act early and preserve your pup’s quality of life.

What Are Cataracts?

A cataract is a cloudy or opaque area that forms in the lens of the eye, blocking light from reaching the retina. In healthy eyes, the lens is clear and helps focus light. When cataracts develop, they reduce vision and can eventually lead to blindness if left untreated.

Cataracts can affect one or both eyes and may progress slowly or rapidly depending on the cause.

Signs and Symptoms of Cataracts in Dogs

Dog owners may notice a variety of changes when cataracts begin to develop. Some of the most common signs include:

  • Cloudy or bluish-gray appearance in one or both eyes
  • Clumsiness or bumping into furniture
  • Reluctance to climb stairs or jump onto furniture
  • Difficulty seeing in low light
  • Squinting or pawing at the eyes
  • Changes in behavior (anxiety, hesitation in new environments)

These symptoms may worsen as the cataract matures, further impairing vision.

Causes of Cataracts in Dogs

Cataracts can develop for several reasons, including:

  • Genetics: Inherited cataracts are common in certain breeds like Cocker Spaniels, Poodles, and Siberian Huskies.
  • Diabetes: Diabetic dogs are especially prone to developing cataracts due to sudden changes in blood sugar that affect the eye.
  • Aging: Just like in humans, cataracts can form as dogs get older (especially after age 7).
  • Eye Injury or Trauma: An injury can damage the lens, leading to cataract formation.
  • Nutritional Deficiencies or Toxins: Rare, but can occur—especially in puppies with poor diets early in life.

Diagnosis and Treatment

If you suspect your dog has cataracts, a veterinary exam is crucial. A general vet may refer you to a veterinary ophthalmologist for a detailed eye exam using specialized tools to assess the lens and retina.

Treatment Options:

  • Surgical Removal: The most effective treatment is a procedure called phacoemulsification, where the cloudy lens is removed and often replaced with an artificial lens. This surgery has a high success rate.
  • Managing Underlying Conditions: If the cataracts are due to diabetes or inflammation, treating the root cause may help slow progression.
  • Non-Surgical Management: While eye drops won’t cure cataracts, anti-inflammatory or antioxidant drops may help with comfort and delay progression in early stages.

Note: Not all dogs are good candidates for surgery. Older dogs or those with other health issues may need to rely on non-invasive management.

Can Cataracts Be Prevented?

While genetic cataracts can’t be prevented, you can reduce the risk or slow progression by:

  • Regular vet checkups, especially for senior dogs
  • Maintaining a healthy weight and managing diabetes
  • Protecting your dog’s eyes from injury
  • Providing balanced nutrition with eye-supporting nutrients (like antioxidants)

Cataracts in dogs can be concerning, but early detection and treatment can make a huge difference. Whether it’s surgery or supportive care, many dogs go on to live happy lives—even with limited vision. If you notice any changes in your dog’s eyes or behavior, don’t wait—speak to your vet and explore the best options for your furry friend’s sight and comfort.